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The concrete mixing plant is mainly composed of five major systems, including material storage system, material weighing system, material conveying system, mixing system, powder storage system, powder conveying system, powder metering system, water and admixture metering system and control system, as well as other ancillary facilities.
1. Mixing machine
The mixing machine is divided into forced mixing and self falling mixing according to its mixing method. Forced mixer is the mainstream used in mixing plants both domestically and internationally, which can mix various types of concrete such as flowability, semi dry hardness, and dry hardness. The self falling mixing machine is mainly used to mix flowable concrete and is rarely used in mixing plants.
Forced mixers are divided into spindle planetary mixers, single horizontal shaft mixers, and double horizontal shaft mixers according to their structural forms. Among them, the dual horizontal axis forced mixer has the best comprehensive performance.
2. Weighing system
The material weighing system is a key component that affects the quality and production cost of concrete, mainly divided into three parts: aggregate weighing, powder weighing, and liquid weighing. In general, mixing plants with a volume of less than 20 cubic meters per hour adopt a stacked weighing method, which means that aggregates (sand, stone) are weighed using a scale, cement and fly ash are weighed using a scale, water and liquid additives are weighed separately, and then the liquid additives are added to the water weighing hopper for pre mixing. In mixing plants with a volume of over 50 cubic meters per hour, independent weighing of materials is often used, and all weighing is controlled by electronic scales and microcomputers. The weighing accuracy of aggregates is ± 2%, and the weighing accuracy of cement, powder, water, and additives all reach ± 1%.
3. Conveyor system
Material transportation consists of three parts:
1. Aggregate conveying: There are two ways of conveying in the mixing plant: hopper conveying and belt conveying. The advantages of hopper lifting are small footprint and simple structure. The advantages of belt conveyor are long conveying distance, high efficiency, and low failure rate. Belt conveyor is mainly suitable for mixing plants with temporary storage warehouses for aggregates, thereby improving the productivity of the mixing plant.
2. Powder conveying: The main powder materials available for concrete are cement, fly ash, and mineral powder. The commonly used powder conveying method is screw conveyor, and large mixing plants use pneumatic conveying and scraper conveying. The advantages of spiral conveying are simple structure, low cost, and reliable use.
3. Liquid transportation: mainly refers to water and liquid additives, which are respectively transported by water pumps.
4. Storage system
The storage methods for materials available for concrete are basically the same. Open air stacking of aggregates (there are also enclosed silos used in large commercial concrete mixing plants in cities); Storage of powder materials in fully enclosed steel structure silos; Admixtures are stored in steel structure containers.
5. Control system
The control system of the mixing plant is the central nervous system of the entire equipment. The control system has different functions and configurations according to different user requirements and the size of the mixing plant. Generally, small mixing plant control systems available on construction sites are simpler, while large mixing plant systems are relatively more complex.
The concrete mixing plant is divided into four parts: sand and gravel feeding, powder (cement, fly ash, expansion agent, etc.) feeding, water and admixture feeding, transportation mixing and storage. After the mixer control system is powered on, it enters the human-machine dialogue interface for initialization processing, including formula number, concrete grade, slump, production volume, etc. According to the weighing, each material bin and measuring hopper are tested, and the empty or full material signal is output to prompt the operator to determine whether to start the mixing control program. Start the sand and stone belt motor to feed into the measuring hopper; Open the butterfly valve of the fly ash and cement tank, start the screw motor to transport the fly ash and cement to the metering hopper; Open the control valves of the water tank and admixture tank to allow water and admixture to flow into the metering hopper. After the measurement meets the set requirements, open the measuring hopper door, and the ingredients will enter the started mixer for mixing. At the set time, open the mixer door, and the concrete will enter the mixer truck that has received the materials.
1. Each cylinder, control valve, and motor must operate according to the requirements of the concrete mixing process, and the control of each cylinder, control valve, and motor must be accurate, stable, and reliable.
2. The control system has two working modes: automatic and manual, and their relationship is independent and mutually restrictive.
3. The system has good anti-interference ability and complete alarm self-protection function.
4. By communicating with the computer, the system's working status and fault alarms can be displayed
Theoretical productivity | (m ³/h) | 180 |
Installed capacity | (kW) | 270 |
Discharge height | (m) | 4 |
Belt conveyor conveying capacity | (t/h) | 700 |
Mixing power | (kW) | 2x55 |
Circular production cycle | (s) | 60 |
Feed capacity | (L) | 1250 |
Aggregate bin capacity | (m ³) | 4x25 |
Capacity of powder silo | (t) | 4x200 |